Audio cables come in a wide variety, with both the professional and consumer space offering different options and different technology generations. With so many options available for various purposes—whether for casual listening, live performances, or professional mixing—it can be challenging to determine which cable type is best for your needs.
However, navigating the selection of audio cables doesn’t have to be difficult. This guide will break down the different types of audio cables and help you understand which ones are better suited for mixing boards than others.
Balanced vs Unbalanced Cables
Before we get into the different types of audio cables and their functions, it’s essential to understand a key term: balance. Understanding this distinction between balanced and unbalanced cables is crucial because it can affect the quality of the sound you experience. Some scenarios benefit from balanced cables to reduce interference; in other cases, unbalanced cables may work fine.
A balanced cable is specifically designed to prevent external electrical interference by including an extra conductor wire. These cables have two conductor wires plus a ground, while unbalanced cables only have one conductor wire and a ground. The dual conductors in a balanced cable work together to cancel out any unwanted noise, ensuring that the audio signal remains clean and unaffected by external interference.
Most everyday cables used in home settings are unbalanced because they don’t need to be as precise in terms of audio quality. However, for professional audio work or any situation where maintaining top-notch sound quality is essential, balanced cables are typically used to prevent any loss of signal quality.
Understanding the Types of Cables
When it comes to setting up a mixing board, knowing the different types of cables can make a huge difference. Each cable type serves a specific purpose and can impact your sound quality and setup efficiency. By understanding the roles and benefits of various cables, you’ll be able to connect your gear more effectively and avoid common issues.
Let’s explore the main types of cables you might encounter and how they can help you get the most out of your mixing board.
TRS Cables
TRS cables are also called stereo cables. They have two rubber strips on the connector that create three conductors: Tip, Ring, and Sleeve (TRS). While a single ring usually indicates an unbalanced TS cable, seeing two rings on a TRS cable doesn’t give you the whole picture. These two-ring cables can be either balanced or unbalanced, depending on how they’re used.
XLR Cables
Known for their robust build and larger size, XLR cables are some of the most recognizable and durable audio cables available today. Since they’re always balanced, you can use them for longer distances without worrying about any signal interference.
Due to their durability and lengthy history, you’ll find XLR cables in a wide range of equipment, from old gear to the latest technology. They’re especially popular with microphones, speakers, PA systems, DMX lighting, and musical instruments.
TS Cables
Short for Tip/Sleeve and commonly called guitar or instrument cables, TS cables are always unbalanced, which means they should be kept as short as possible. These cables are used to connect mono audio sources like guitars, effects pedals, drum machines, and unbalanced instruments to mixers, audio interfaces, and amplifiers.
MIDI Cables
MIDI cables, which have been around since the 1980s, are designed to transmit event messages, such as panning and vibrato, instead of audio signals. Despite being partially replaced by USB connections in many modern devices, these cables are still crucial for connecting synthesizers, sequencers, and various instruments. They’re perfect for integrating older audio equipment, as they provide robust legacy support for gear that has been in use for decades.
RCA Cables
RCA cables are frequently used in home audio and video systems and are also popular in DJ setups for linking turntables and CDJ players to mixers. Like TS cables, RCA cables consist of two wires and are unbalanced, so it’s best to keep their length to a minimum to avoid potential interference.
USB Cables
USB cables are perhaps the most widely used digital interface today. They are found everywhere, from audio devices and equipment to various accessories for listening and creation. They come in different sizes and types, with USB-A and USB-B being the most common. However, the newer, reversible USB-C is becoming increasingly popular across both consumer and professional devices.
These cables can transmit power, audio data, and even MIDI commands through the MIDI over USB protocol. This versatility makes them ideal for linking computers to synthesizers and audio interfaces. In most cases, they can even replace multiple cables needed for both audio and MIDI connections, simplifying your setup.
S/PDIF Cables
S/PDIF, which stands for Sony/Phillips Digital Interface, is often used in mainstream home audio and video systems, including some game consoles, TVs, and set-top boxes.
These cables are available in two types: coaxial (RCA) and optical (also called Toslink). Although they’re somewhat outdated in the consumer market, with HDMI now being more commonly used for audio connections in the latest devices, S/PDIF is still used in some setups.
SpeakOn Cables
SpeakOn cables are not used in consumer electronics but are widely regarded as the industry standard for connecting professional speakers and amplifiers. Although these cables are generally unbalanced, they’re favored over 1/4-inch speaker cables because they lock securely into place, preventing accidental disconnections in the middle of live performances.
Banana Plugs
Banana plugs might look a lot like TS cables, but they’re designed differently and are meant for hooking up speakers to amplifiers. You’ll usually see them in home audio setups or used by audio enthusiasts rather than in professional gear. They’re typically used for connecting A/V receivers and external speakers.
Recommended Cables to Use with a Mixing Board
When configuring a mixing board, choosing the right cables is essential for ensuring a smooth and high-quality audio experience. The right cables help you connect various audio sources, effects, and speakers effectively, avoiding noise and signal loss.
Following are some of the best cable options for your mixing board so you get the most out of your gear and achieve the best possible sound:
TRS Cables
When it comes to balanced connections, TRS cables are an excellent choice for ensuring a clean signal. They typically have less noise interference than TS cables, which makes them ideal for both live performances and recordings. You’ll often find TRS cables used with headphone outputs on various instruments, audio interfaces, studio monitors, and mixers.
You can connect using TRS to TRS cables, TRS to XLR cables, or even a TRS to XLR adapter if you’re using XLR cables. All these options deliver a balanced signal. However, make sure you first check your monitor connections and consult the mixer’s manual to choose the best setup for your needs.
XLR Cables
XLR cables are great for connecting a mixing board, as they ensure a clear and crisp signal. Whether you’re using a short 6-foot cable or a longer one up to 50 feet, XLR cables deliver reliable performance.
However, keep in mind that XLR cables vary in quality. Professional-grade cables often feature gold-plated XLR pins for enhanced durability, strain relief on the connectors, and individual insulation with foil shielding for better noise protection. While cheaper XLR cables might work in a pinch, investing in high-quality cables is crucial for professional audio work to ensure you’re delivering the best possible sound.
TRS to XLR Cables
If your keyboard has balanced XLR outputs and your mixer has 1/4″ TRS input jacks, it’s advisable to use a balanced cable with XLR on the keyboard and TRS on the mixer’s end. This setup ensures you’re sending a balanced signal to the mixer and helps avoid the risk of sending voltage back to your keyboard if someone accidentally activates phantom power on the mixer.
TRS to TRS Cables
For a reliable connection between your keyboards and mixer, it’s advisable to use balanced TRS to TRS cables as well. Even though many keyboards have XLR outputs, using TRS cables often prevents issues where the mixer’s input gain can’t properly adjust the signal, which can lead to distortion. Balanced TRS to TRS cables, connected to the mixer’s “line” inputs, tend to provide a cleaner and more consistent signal.
Different mixers have different specifications, so it’s important to check the manual for details on the input and output jacks—this will tell you if they’re balanced or unbalanced, high or low impedance, and so on. If your equipment is balanced and one piece uses XLR while the other uses 1/4″ jacks, just make sure you get the right adapters or cables with the correct connectors.
TS Cables
TS cables are typically used for mono, unbalanced signals and are great for connecting single-channel audio sources like guitars, effects pedals, and drum machines to mixers. When choosing 1/4-inch TS cables, opt for shorter ones with good shielding to minimize signal noise and ensure a more precise sound.
Avoid Using These Cables with a Mixing Board
While it might seem like any cable could be used with a mixing board, some types are simply not suitable for the task. To help you avoid common pitfalls and ensure optimal audio performance, here’s a quick rundown on the cables you should steer clear of:
TS Cables for Long Distance
Since TS cables are typically designed for unbalanced connections, they can weaken the signal over longer distances. Additionally, longer cables are more likely to suffer from wear and tear, as they’re often stepped on and can get kinked from frequent handling. For best results, avoid using TS cables for long runs and consider using balanced cables for longer connections to maintain signal quality.
SpeakOn Cables
SpeakOn cables, while perfect for connecting speakers to amplifiers in a live sound setup, are not ideal for connecting to a mixing board. Mixing boards typically require cables designed for carrying line-level signals, such as XLR or TRS cables, instead of the high-current, speaker-level signals for which SpeakOn cables are made. Using these cables with your mixing board can result in poor audio quality, potential signal loss, or even damage to your equipment.
TS to TS Cables
TS to TS cables are more prone to picking up unwanted noise and interference, especially if you’re running them over long distances. This can result in annoying hums or buzzing sounds in your audio, making them unsuitable for use with your mixing board.
Tips to Get Most Out of Cables with a Mixing Board
When setting up a mixing board, utilizing the right cables to get optimum performance out of them is quite essential. The following tips will help make a big difference to your sound quality and ensure that you get the most out of your cables:
Check Mixer Specifications
Before using any cables, check the specifications provided on your mixer. Read the mixer’s manual carefully to determine whether you need balanced or unbalanced cables, or specific connector types like TS, TRS, or XLR. Using cables with wrong specifications not only results in poor sound quality but can also damage your mixer.
Use Shielded Cables
Another excellent tip for keeping your audio free of interference is to use shielded cables. These cables are designed with an extra layer of insulation that helps block out noise from other electronics. As a result, you can enjoy an excellent mixing experience and the cleanest sound possible.
Use Correctly Matched Cables
Using the right type of cables with your mixing board is the key to getting the best sound quality. Different cables like TS, TRS, RCA, and XLR are suitable for different tasks. For instance, TS cables are best for connecting line-level gear, while XLR cables work well with microphones.
Avoid Matchless Adapters
It’s best to avoid using matchless adapters, as they can cause signal degradation and damage your equipment. Using the right kind of adapters can help maintain a strong, clean signal path and reduce the risk of unwanted interference.
Purchase High-Quality Branded Cables
It’s very important to invest in high-quality branded cables to ensure optimal performance. Premium cables are designed with better materials, which significantly reduces signal loss, interference, and noise.
Although branded cables may be a bit more expensive, they offer improved durability and performance that can prevent costly issues in the future. By choosing well-known brands, you can ensure that your cables easily withstand the demands of both live performances and studio sessions.
Don’t Use Long Length Cables Unless Needed
Last but not least – be sure to use cables that are cut to length. Using long cables can lead to increased signal degradation and poor sound quality. By keeping cable lengths to a minimum, you ensure a stronger, cleaner signal and better overall audio performance. If it’s necessary to use long cables, then be sure to opt for high-quality, well-shielded ones.
Benefits of Choosing Correct Cables for Your Mixing Board
When it comes to setting up your mixing board, the type of cables you use can make a world of difference. While it might seem like a small detail, choosing the right cables can have a wide range of benefits, including:
Improved Audio Quality
The right cable can make a big difference in your audio quality. When you use the correct cables, you get a more accurate and detailed sound, allowing your mixing board to deliver its best performance.
Less Hum and Noise
Choosing the right cables for your mixing board also helps cut down on annoying hum and noise. High-quality cables help your audio equipment work better and keep your sound as smooth and polished as possible.
Fewer Risks of Equipment Damage
Using cables that match your equipment’s needs helps prevent electrical issues and avoids potential damage. Choosing cables with the correct impedance and connectors ensures that signals are transmitted safely and correctly.
Strong Signal Transmission
Good-quality cables are designed to transmit sound without losing any quality. This means that your audio stays crisp and detailed from start to finish, making your mixes sound their best.
Neat and Organized Setup
Lastly, connecting cables of appropriate lengths and types reduces clutter and avoids the tangled mess that can come from using mismatched or excessively long cables.
Conclusion
To get the best sound from your mixing board, it’s essential to pick the right cables. Make sure you use balanced cables like TRS or XLR for clear, reliable signals, especially for longer connections. Avoid using unbalanced TS cables over long distances to prevent signal loss and noise.
By choosing quality cables and matching them to your setup, you’ll ensure that your audio stays crisp and clear, whether you’re recording or performing live. With these tips, you’ll be set up for success and ready to tackle any audio challenge that comes your way.
FAQs
Q1. What cable do I need to connect a mixer to an audio interface?
You can connect your mixer to an audio interface either with two XLR cables or two ¼-inch cables. Connect the female ends of the cable to the mixer and the male ends of your XLR cables to your audio interface, and you should be good to go!
Q2. What cable should I use to connect a keyboard to a mixer?
If you’re using an L/Mono output, then using a 6.3mm mono jack cable or TS jack cable should work just fine. However, it’s advisable to use a TRS jack cable for optimum audio quality.
Q3. What are Y-RCA cables used for?
Y-RCA adaptors are used to connect a pair of RCA cables to a single RCA cable. These cables allow you to split an audio signal from a single source and transmit it to two different devices without switching between them.
Q4. Which are the 2 most common cables used in audio?
The two most common cables are digital and analog audio cables. Analog cables transmit audio from one device to another by using a continuous electrical signal, while digital cables use a series of binary digits to transmit data.
Q5. How to record directly from a mixer?
You can record audio directly from a mixer by connecting one end of an RCA 3.5mm jack cable to your mixing board and the other end to the microphone input port of your computer. You can also plug in your headphones to your computer to monitor your recording. Before you start recording, make sure you set your computer’s default mic as the input source on your preferred recording software.
However, keep in mind that this will only work if your computer has two headphone jacks – one for recording and one for playback. If your computer doesn’t have two ports, you can simply opt for a USB sound card to split the audio.
On the other hand, you can use MIDI, TRS, XLR, TS or other cables (depending on the equipment) to connect your mixer to a sound card. Once done, connect your sound card to your computer via USB or TRS ports.
Q6. What is the best connection for the microphone and instruments in a mixer?
The best connection for microphones and instruments in a mixer depends on the type of signal you’re working with. It’s best to use XLR connectors and plug them into your mixer’s mono channels for microphones.
The choice between TS cables and stereo line inputs depends on the type of instrument. If you’re using mono instruments, such as guitars, then it’s ideal to use TS connectors and plug them into the mixer’s mono channels. On the other hand, if you’re connecting stereo instruments or want to use stereo effects, it’s better to hook TS cables into the mixer’s stereo line inputs.
